I-Abstract: I-cylinder liner yesethi yejenereyitha ye-diesel yiperi ye-friction pairs ezisebenza phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukuthambisa okungahambi kakuhle, ukutshintshisana kwemithwalo kunye nokuhlwa.Emva kokusebenzisa ijenereyitha yedizili esete ixesha elithile, kusenokubakho i-cylinder blowby ebonakalayo, ukutshiswa kweoyile yokuthambisa, kunye namandla angonelanga, okubangelwa kukuguga okukhulu kwangaphambili kwesilinda.Xa ukugqoka kwangaphambili kwenzeka kwi-cylinder liner, kunokuchaphazela amandla, uqoqosho, kunye nobomi benkonzo yeesethi ze-diesel generator.Emva kokwenza uphando lwentengiso yinkampani, kwafunyaniswa ukuba abanye abasebenzisi bathenge iijenereyitha zedizili ezingekafikeleli kwixesha lohlengahlengiso.Nangona kunjalo, iiseti ezininzi zejeneretha ziye zafumana umonakalo wangaphambi kwexesha kwimikhono yesilinda.Izizathu eziphambili zezi zinto kukuba abazange balandele ngokungqongqo iimfuno zabo zokugcina kunye nokulungiswa, kwaye abaqhelananga neempawu zokusebenza kweesethi ze-generator.Basazisebenzisa ngokweenkolelo nezithethe zakwaNtu.
I-1, Uhlalutyo lwezinto ezichaphazela ukunxiba kwangaphambili kwee-cylinder liners
Abasebenzisi abaninzi baye bafumana ukunxitywa kwangaphambi kwexesha kwee-cylinder liners ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kwaye abanye baye bafumana imiba efana nokutsalwa kwesilinda kunye nokuqhekeka kweringi yepiston.Izizathu zalo monakalo zezi zilandelayo:
1. Ukungalandeli ukubaleka ngokweenkcukacha
Iijenereyitha zedizili ezintsha okanye ezihlaziyiweyo zifakwa ngokuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni komthwalo ngaphandle kokulandela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza ngokweenkcukacha, ezinokuthi zibangele ukuguga okukhulu kunye nokukrazula kwi-cylinder liner kunye nezinye iinxalenye zejenereyitha yedizili kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yezi nxalenye.Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukuba iijenereyitha zedizili ezitsha nezilungisiweyo kufuneka zilandele ngokuthe ngqo iimfuno zokuqhuba kunye nokusebenza kovavanyo.
2. Ukugcinwa ngokungakhathali
Ezinye iiseti zejenereyitha ye-diesel zihlala zisebenza kwiindawo ezinothuli, kwaye abanye abaqhubi abayisigcini ngononophelo isihluzo somoya, okubangela ukuvuza komoya kwindawo yokutywina, ukuvumela ubuninzi bomoya ongacocwanga ukuba ungene ngqo kwi-cylinder, ukunyusa ukunxiba kwe-cylinder liner. , ipiston, kunye namakhonkco episton.Ngoko ke, kuyafuneka ukuba abasebenzi bezolondolozo kufuneka bahlole ngokungqongqo kwaye bahlolisise kwaye bagcine isihluzo somoya kwishedyuli ukuthintela umoya ongahluziweyo ukuba ungene kwi-cylinder.Ukongeza, emva kokugcinwa, isihluzo somoya asizange sifakwe ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nezinye iipads zerabha ezingekhoyo kunye nezinye iibholiti zokubopha aziqiniswanga, okukhokelela ekunxibeni kwangaphambili kwe-cylinder liner.
3. Ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo
Xa iijenereyitha zedizili zisoloko zisebenza phantsi komthwalo omninzi, ubushushu bomzimba buyanda, ioli yokuthambisa iyancipha, kwaye iimeko zokuthambisa ziba mbi.Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yonikezelo olukhulu lwamafutha ngexesha lomsebenzi wokugcwala, i-fuel ayitshisi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iidiphozithi zekhabhoni kwi-cylinder zinzima, nto leyo enyusa ukunxitywa kwe-cylinder liner, piston, kunye ne-piston rings.Ngokukodwa xa umsesane wepiston uxinga emseleni, i-cylinder liner inokutsalwa.Ke ngoko, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuthinteleni ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kweejeneretha zedizili kunye nokugcina iimeko ezilungileyo zobugcisa.Ukongeza, kukho iidiphozithi ezininzi kakhulu kumphezulu wetanki yamanzi.Ukuba ayicocwanga ngexesha, iya kuchaphazela umphumo wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwaye ibangele ukunyuka okubukhali kwiqondo lokushisa elisebenzayo lejeneretha ye-diesel, okubangela ukuba ipiston ibambelele kwi-cylinder.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kungekho mthwalo
Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kweejenereyitha zedizili ngaphandle komthwalo nako kunokukhawulezisa ukunxiba kwamacandelo enkqubo yoxinzelelo.Oku kungenxa yokuba injini isebenza kwi-throttle ephantsi ixesha elide, kwaye ubushushu bomzimba buphantsi.Xa i-fuel ifakwe kwi-cylinder kwaye idibana nomoya obandayo, ayikwazi ukutshisa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ihlamba ifilimu yeoli yokuthambisa eludongeni lwesilinda.Ngelo xesha, ivelisa i-electrochemical corrosion, eqinisa ukunxiba komatshini we-cylinder.Ke ngoko, iijeneretha zedizili azivumelekanga ukuba zingasebenzi ixesha elide kwi-throttle ephantsi.
5. Impazamo yeNdibano
Iringi yokuqala yejenereyitha yedizili yiringi yomoya ene-chrome, kwaye i-chamfer kufuneka ijonge phezulu ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokudibanisa.Abanye abasebenzi bezolondolozo bafaka amakhonkco episton ajonge ezantsi kwaye ayithandele ezantsi, enesiphumo sokukhuhla kwaye yenza mandundu iimeko zokuthambisa, nokwenza mandundu ukunxiba kwe-cylinder liner, piston, kunye neringi zepiston.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele ukuba ungafaki amakhonkco episton phezulu ngexesha lokugcinwa.
6. Imigangatho yolondolozo engafanelekanga
(1) Ngexesha lokugcinwa, nikela ingqalelo ekucocekeni kwamalungu, izixhobo kunye nezandla zakho.Musa ukuzisa izinto ezinqabileyo ezifana neefayili zentsimbi kunye nodaka kwi-cylinder, ezinokubangela ukuguga kwangaphambili kwe-cylinder liner.
(2) Ngexesha lokugcinwa, akuzange kufunyanwe ukuba umbhobho wokupholisa wokuthambisa ipiston wawuvaliwe, nto leyo eyayithintela ioli ukuba ingatshizi kwindawo engaphakathi yepiston.Oku kubangele ukuba intloko yepiston ibe shushu kakhulu ngenxa yokupholisa kakubi, ukukhawulezisa ukunxiba kwe-cylinder liner kunye nepiston.Kwiimeko ezinzima, kwabangela ukuba i-piston ring ijam kwaye iphule kwi-groove, kwaye ibhanki ye-ring yonakaliswe.
7. Iinkqubo zokugcinwa ngokungafanelekanga
(1) Xa ufaka ioli yokuthambisa ngexesha lokugcinwa, kubalulekile ukunyamekela ukucoceka kweoli yokuthambisa kunye nezixhobo zokuthambisa, ngaphandle koko uthuli luya kuqhutyelwa kwi-pan yeoli.Oku akuyi kubangela ukuguga kwangaphambili kweegobolondo zokuthwala, kodwa kubangele ukuguga kwangaphambili kwamalungu afana ne-cylinder liner.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukubeka ingqalelo ekucocekeni kweoli yokuthambisa kunye nezixhobo zokuzalisa.Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukugcina ucoceko kunye nococeko kwindawo yokusetyenziswa.
(2) I-injection ye-fuel ye-cylinder ethile okanye iisilinda ezininzi azizange zihlolwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, okubangelwa ukuvuza kwe-diesel kunye nokuhlanjululwa kweoli yokuthambisa.Abasebenzi bolawulo abazange bazihlole ngocoselelo ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ixesha elide kancinane likhokelele ekugugeni kwangoko kwe-cylinder liner.
8. Ukunxiba okubangelwa zizizathu zesakhiwo
(1) Iimeko ezimbi zokuthambisa zibangela ukuguga okunzima kwindawo ephezulu ye-cylinder liner.Inxalenye ephezulu ye-cylinder liner ikufuphi negumbi lokutsha, kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kunye neemeko ezimbi zokuthambisa.Umoya omtsha kunye nokuhlamba okungapheliyo kwamafutha kunye nokunciphisa, ukunyusa ukuwohloka kweemeko eziphezulu, okubangela ukuba i-cylinder ibe kwindawo eyomileyo okanye eyomileyo, eyona nto ibangela ukuba i-cylinder igqoke kakhulu.
2Iringi yepiston icinezelwe ngokuqinileyo eludongeni lwesilinda phantsi kwamandla ayo alastiki kunye noxinzelelo lwangasemva.Okukhona kuphezulu uxinzelelo olulungileyo, kokukhona kunzima ukwenza kunye nokugcina ifilimu yeoli yokuthambisa, kwaye ukunxitywa koomatshini kuyaqina.Ngexesha lomsebenzi we-stroke, njengoko i-piston ihla, uxinzelelo oluhle luyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, olukhokelela ekunxibeni okuphezulu kunye nokulula kwe-cylinder ephantsi.
(3) I-Mineral acids kunye ne-organic acids ibangela ukugqwala kunye ne-peeling ebusweni be-cylinder.Emva kokutshiswa komxube ovuthayo kwi-cylinder, umphunga wamanzi kunye ne-acidic oxides ziveliswa, ezichithwa emanzini ukuze zenze i-acids mineral.Ukongezelela, i-acids ye-organic eyenziwa ngexesha lokutsha inefuthe elibi kumphezulu we-cylinder.Izinto ezonakalisayo zikhuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngamakhonkco episton ngexesha lokukhuhlana, nto leyo ebangela ukuguqulwa kwe-cylinder liner.
(4) Ukungena ukungcola komatshini kuqinisa ukunxiba phakathi kwe-cylinder.Uthuli olusemoyeni kunye nokungcola kwioyile yokuthambisa kungangena kwipiston kunye nodonga lwesilinda, okubangela ukunxitywa kwe-abrasive.Xa uthuli okanye ukungcola kuhamba emva naphambili kunye nepiston kwi-cylinder, ukunxiba phakathi kwe-cylinder kuqiniswa ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu sokunyakaza kwindawo ephakathi kwe-cylinder.
2, Ukugcinwa kokunxiba kwe-cylinder liner
1. Iimpawu zokunxiba kunye nokukrazula kwangaphambili
Izinga lokunxitywa kwe-cast iron cylinder liner likhulu kune-0.1mm/kh, kwaye umphezulu we-cylinder liner umdaka, kunye nezinto ezicacileyo zokutsalwa okanye ezilumayo ezinjengemikrwelo, imikrwelo, kunye neenyembezi.Udonga lwesilinda luneziganeko ezivuthayo ezifana ne-blueing;Amasuntswana eemveliso zokunxiba zikhulu.
2. Iziphumo kunye neemfuno zokunxitywa kwe-cylinder liner
(1) Impembelelo: Ubukhulu bodonga buyancipha, ukujikeleza kunye neempazamo ze-cylindricity zanda.Xa ukunxiba kwe-cylinder liner kudlula (0.4% ~ 0.8%) D, igumbi lokutsha liphulukana nokutywinwa kwalo kwaye amandla enjini yedizili ayancipha.
(2) Imfuneko: Abasebenzi bezogcino kufuneka bahlole ukunxitywa kwe-cylinder liner ngokwemiyalelo, babambe kwaye balawule imeko yokunxiba kwe-cylinder liner, kwaye bathintele ukunxiba okugqithisileyo.
3. Indlela yokukhangela yokunxiba i-cylinder liner
Ukufunyaniswa kokunxitywa kumphezulu ongaphakathi ojikelezayo we-injini ye-diesel cylinder liners inokuqhutywa ikakhulu ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
(1) Indlela yethiyori: Ngokusekwe kubungakanani, imathiriyeli, kunye neqondo lokunxitywa kwe-liner ye-cylinder injini ye-diesel, bala okanye ubhekisele kwiigophe zethiyori ukumisela iqondo lokuguga kwesangqa sangaphakathi se-cylinder liner.
(2) Indlela yokuhlola okubonakalayo: Sebenzisa amehlo enqunu okanye i-microscope ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo ukunxiba kwindawo yangaphakathi ye-cylinder liner.Ngokuqhelekileyo, amakhadi esikali okanye iirula ezithile zisetyenziselwa ukuncedisa ekuboneni ubunzulu bokunxiba.
(3) Indlela yokufumanisa iParameter: ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokubona ezifana ne-micrometers, i-oscilloscopes, njl., Ukubona ububanzi okanye indawo yokugqoka yesangqa sangaphakathi somgca we-cylinder, ukwenzela ukugqiba iqondo elithile lokugqoka kwendawo.
(4) Indlela yokufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo: Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokufumanisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu njengokukhangela i-photoelectric kunye ne-laser scanning, ukuhlolwa kwe-three-dimensional kwenziwa kwindawo yangaphakathi yomkhono we-cylinder ukufumana idatha yokugqoka echanekileyo.
(5) Indlela yokufumanisa i-instrumenless
Ukuba akukho template yokumisa yokulinganisa kwaye kukho ukusilela kwemiyalelo kunye nezinye izinto, ezi zikhundla zine zilandelayo zinokubhekiswa kumlinganiselo wokunxiba we-cylinder liner:
① Xa ipiston ikwiziko eliphezulu lokufa, indawo yodonga lwesilinda ehambelana neringi yokuqala yepiston;
② Xa ipiston iphakathi kwe-stroke yayo, indawo yodonga lwesilinda ehambelana neringi yokuqala yepiston;
③ Xa ipiston iphakathi kwi-stroke yayo, i-cylinder wall ehambelana ne-oil scraper ring yokugqibela.
3, Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuguga nokukrazuka kwangethuba
1. Ukuqalisa okuchanekileyo
Xa uqalisa i-injini ye-diesel nge-injini ebandayo, ubushushu obuphantsi, i-oil viscosity ephezulu, kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwamanzi kubangela ukungabikho kwe-oyile eyaneleyo evela kwimpompo yeoli.Kwangaxeshanye, ioyile eseludongeni lwecylinder yantlandlolo iqukuqela ezantsi eludongeni lwesilinda emva kokuvalwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuthanjisweni kakubi ngexesha lokuqalisa, okukhokelela ekunxityweni kodonga lwesilinda ngexesha lokuqalisa.Ngoko ke.Xa uqalisa okokuqala, i-injini ye-diesel kufuneka ifudunyezwe xa ingasebenzi, ize isetyenziswe ekulayisheni xa ubushushu bokupholisa bufikelela kuma-60 ℃.
2. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lweoli yokuthambisa
(1) Khetha ngokuthe ngqo eyona oyile yokuthambisa i-viscosity ngokuhambelana nexesha kunye neemfuno zenjini yedizili, ungathengi ioyile yokuthambisa ekumgangatho ophantsi, kwaye ujonge rhoqo kwaye ugcine ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho weoyile yokuthambisa.Ukomeleza ukugcinwa "kwezihlungi ezintathu" ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuthintela ukungcola komatshini ekungeneni kwi-cylinder, ukunciphisa ukunxiba kwe-cylinder, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-injini.Ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kunye nomoya kunye nesanti.
(2) Nikela ingqalelo ekujongeni ukutywinwa ngaphakathi kwesixhobo sokupholisa ioyile.Indlela yokuhlola kukuqwalasela ukuba akukho mphunga wamanzi kumbhobho wokungenisa umoya wekrankcase.Ukuba kukho umphunga wamanzi, oko kubonisa ukuba kukho amanzi kwi-oyile ye-injini.Xa le meko imandundu, i-oyile ye-injini ijika ibe mhlophe njengobisi.Xa uvula isivalo sevalve, amathontsi amanzi angabonwa.Xa ususa indibano yokucoca i-oyile ye-injini, kufumaniseka ukuba kukho ukuqokelelana kwamanzi ngaphakathi.Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba kukho ukwanda kweoli kwi-pan yeoli ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, nokuba kukho idizili ngaphakathi.Ukuba kukho, ii-injector ze-fuel kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zilinganiswe.
3. Gcina ubushushu bokusebenza kwenjini yedizili
Ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza kwenjini yedizili yi80-90 ℃.Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kakhulu kwaye i-lubrication enhle ayinakugcinwa, iya kwandisa ukunxiba kodonga lwe-cylinder.Umphunga wamanzi ongaphakathi kwi-cylinder uya kuxutywa ube ngamathontsi amanzi, unyibilikise iimolekyuli zerhasi eneasidi kwirhasi yokukhupha, ukuvelisa izinto ezinobumuncu, kwaye kubangele ukubola kunye nokunxiba eludongeni lwesilinda.Iimvavanyo zibonise ukuba xa ubushushu bodonga lwesilinda kwehla ukusuka ku-90 ℃ ukuya ku-50 ℃, ukunxiba kwe-cylinder kuphindwe kane kuno-90 ℃.Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, liya kunciphisa amandla e-cylinder kunye nokuqinisa ukunxiba, oku kunokukhokelela ekwandiseni i-piston ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye kubangele "ukwandiswa kwe-cylinder".Ke ngoko, ubushushu bamanzi bejenereyitha yedizili kufuneka bugcinwe phakathi kwama-74 ~ 91 ℃ kwaye bungagqithi kuma-93 ℃.Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukujikeleza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yokupholisa.Ukuba kukho ukuphuphuma kwesipholisi kwitanki yokwandisa, kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye isuswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
4. Ukuphucula umgangatho wogcino
Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, lungisa ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na imiba kwaye ubuyisele okanye ulungise iindawo ezonakalisiweyo okanye ezonakeleyo nangaliphi na ixesha.Xa ufaka i-cylinder, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola ngokungqongqo kwaye udibanise ngokweemfuno zobugcisa.Kumsebenzi wokutshintshwa kweringi yewaranti, khetha iringi yepiston ene-elasticity efanelekileyo.Ukuba i-elasticity incinci kakhulu, igesi iya kungena kwi-crankcase kwaye ivuthele ioli kwindonga ye-cylinder, ikhulise ukugqoka kwodonga lwesilinda;I-elasticity egqithisileyo iya kwandisa ngokuthe ngqo ukugqoka kwodonga lwe-cylinder, okanye ukunyusa ukugqoka kwayo ngenxa yomonakalo wefilimu yeoli eludongeni lwe-cylinder.
5. Yomeleza ulondolozo
(1) Inkqubo yokugcinwa okungqongqo, ukuphucula umgangatho wokulondoloza, ngokukodwa ukuqinisa ukugcinwa "kwezihlungi ezintathu", kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, wenze umsebenzi omhle wokucoca umoya, i-fuel, kunye neoli yokuthambisa.Ngokukodwa i-air filter kufuneka igcinwe rhoqo, i-take duct kufuneka ihambelane ngaphandle komonakalo, ukucocwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucophelela, kwaye indibano kufuneka iqhutywe ngokuchanekileyo ngokweemfuno ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngamacandelo okanye ukuthatha iindlela ezimfutshane zomoya.Xa ukukhanya kwesalathisi sokukhanya komoya kwipaneli yesixhobo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kubonisa ukuba ukuchasana kokucoca kufikelele kwi-6kPa, kwaye into yokucoca kufuneka ihlambuluke okanye itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.
(2) Nciphisa inani leenjini zedizili ezibandayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
(3) Gcina ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza kwe-injini ye-diesel kwaye ugweme ukusebenza ixesha elide phantsi kwamaqondo aphezulu kunye nemithwalo enzima.
(4) Sebenzisa ioli yokuthambisa ehlangabezana neemfuneko zokuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okulungileyo;Landela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza ukusebenzisa iiseti generator diesel.
(5) Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukucoceka ngokupheleleyo kwedizili.Ngenxa yokuba ukucoceka kwedizili kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benkonzo yeepompo eziphakamileyo zoxinzelelo kunye nee-injection, abavelisi bafuna ukuba idizili esetyenzisiweyo ihlambuluke.Ngesiqhelo, idizili kufuneka ingene kwiiyure ezingama-48 zentlenga phambi kokuba ifakwe i-refueling.Xa ufaka i-refueling, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe kucoceko lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokufaka i-refueling.Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukuhambelana nomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wokukhupha i-oil-water separator.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona i-diesel ecocekileyo isetyenzisiweyo, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayinamanzi.Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni okubonakalayo, abaninzi abasebenzisi bahlala bengayinanzi le ngongoma, okukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kwamanzi ngokugqithisileyo.
Isishwankathelo:
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuchaneka kunye nokuchaneka kwesixhobo sokuvavanya kufuneka kugcinwe ngexesha lovavanyo.Uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe kwindawo ecocekileyo ukuphepha iimpazamo, kwaye iqondo lokugqoka kufuneka ligwetywe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zangempela zesicelo ukugqiba ukuba ngaba ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa kuyimfuneko.Uqheliselo lubonakalise ukuba okoko nje imilinganiselo echazwe kweli nqaku ilandelwa ngokungqongqo, umonakalo kwangethuba kwisilinda seesethi zejenereyitha yedizili unokuthintelwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ubomi benkonzo yeesethi zejenereyitha yedizili bunokwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuzisa inzuzo enkulu kwezoqoqosho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-14-2024