I-Abstract: Ienjini zeDiesel inokukhupha amandla ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukongeza kwi-curtus yegumbi lokudibana kunye ne-crank edibanisa indlela ye-rod eguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla e-thermal yepetroli, kufuneka babe neendlela ezihambelana nazo kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo, kwaye iinkqubo neenkqubo zidibene kwaye zilungelelaniswe. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenjini zedizili zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zeendlela neenkqubo, kodwa imisebenzi yazo zifana. Injini yedizali ibunjwe ikakhulu ngamacandelo omzimba kunye neendlela zokuhambisa i-valve kunye neendlela zokufumana kunye neenkqubo zokulawula isantya, iinkqubo zokupholisa, iinkqubo zokuqalisa kunye neendlela.
1, Ukubekwa kunye nemisebenzi yecandelo leenjini zedizili
Injini yedizili luhlobo lwe-injini yokudibanisa yangaphakathi, esiyisixhobo sokuguqula amandla esiguqula amandla obushushu akhutshwe kwi-ofisi yamandla. Injini yedizali yinxalenye ye-genetor iseti, ngokubanzi iqokelelwe kwi-crankseshaft ye-rod kunye nenkqubo yomzimba, inkqubo yokubonelela, inkqubo yokubonelela, inkqubo yokuphucula, inkqubo yokupholisa, kunye nenkqubo yombane.
I-1. I-CrankShaft idibanisa indlela ye-rod
Ukwenzela ukuguqula amandla afumene i-thermal kumandla oomatshini, kuyimfuneko ukuyigqiba nge-crankskhoft ye-cranselism. Le ndlela iqokelelwe ikakhulu yamacandelo anjengeepistons, iipiston pins, iintonga, kunye nee-crankshafts, kunye ne-blowehels ,. Xa i-pill i-pill kwaye ivutha kwigumbi lokudibana, ukwanda kwegesi kuvelisa uxinzelelo ngaphezulu kwepiston, ukutyhala ipiston ukubuyela kumgca othe tye. Ngoncedo lwentonga yokudibanisa, i-crankshaft ijikeleza ngoomatshini bokusebenza (umthwalo) ukwenza umsebenzi.
2. Iqela lomzimba
Izinto zomzimba ikakhulu zibandakanya ibhloko ye-cylinder, intloko yeCylinder, kunye neCrankserd. Yinto yendibano yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zenjini kwiinjini zedizili, kwaye uninzi lwezinto ze-injini ye-Dienel Crenk kunye neendlela zokuhambisa i-rod, iinkqubo zokuhambisa isantya, kunye nokupholisa iinkqubo. Umzekelo, intloko ye-cylinder kunye ne-piston yesithsaba kunye nendawo yegumbi lokudibana, kwaye uninzi lwamalungu, ukuthathwa kunye neendinyana zokuphelisa, kunye neendinyana zeoyile nazo zilungelelaniswe kuwo.
I-3. I-Valve yokuHamba
Ukuze isixhobo siqhubeke siguqula amandla e-thermal ngokwamatshini, kufuneka sixhotywe ngeseti yeendlela zokuhambisa umoya ukuqinisekisa ukuthathwa rhoqo komoya omtsha kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi yenkunkuma.
Uloliwe we-valve quat yeqela le-valve (ivalve ekhulayo, isikhokelo seValve, isihlalo sokuhambisa, i-vappet yengalo, i-rocpy, i-rocker ingalo, kunye nexesha lokuloba , njl.). Umsebenzi woololiwe we-valve kukuvula ngexesha kwaye uvale impahla yokutya kunye ne-valves ngokweemfuno ezithile, thambisa igesi yokuphelisa isilinda, kwaye shansung moya, uqinisekisa inkqubo emnandi ye-injini ye-injini ye-injini.
I-4. Inkqubo ye-Wooli
Amandla e-shirmal kufuneka abonelele ngenani elithile lepetroli, ethunyelwa kwigumbi lokudibana kwaye lidityaniswe ngokupheleleyo nomoya ukuvelisa ubushushu. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kubekho inkqubo yefutha.
Umsebenzi wenkqubo yokubonelela nge-Dielil Injini yokuhambisa isixa esithile se-disel yegumbi lokudibana kwixesha elithile kwixesha elithile, kwaye udibanise nomoya ukuze wenze umsebenzi. Ibaluleke kakhulu itanki yedizili, impompo ye-oyile, icebo leedizili, ipetroli ye-oyile ye-oyile (impompo ye-oyile ephezulu
I-5. Inkqubo yokupholisa
Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwenjini yedizili kwaye kuqinisekise ukuba amaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo amacandelo ahlukeneyo, iinjini zedizili kufuneka zibe nenkqubo yokupholisa. Inkqubo yokupholisa kufuneka iqulethe amacandelo anjengempompo yamanzi, iradiator, i-thermostat, fan, kunye nejacket yamanzi.
I-6. Inkqubo ye-Coubritt
Umsebenzi wenkqubo ye-qubriceotion kukuhambisa ioyile yokuthambisa imiphezulu yeendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-injini, edlala indima ekunciphiseni ukuxabana, ukupholisa, ukunciphisa, nokuthatha Kubushushu ubushushu obuveliswa yimbambano, ngaloo ndlela luya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenjini yedizili. Ibaluleke kakhulu impompo yeoyile, isihluzo seoyile, i-radiator yeoyile, iivalves ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuthambisa iindinyana zeoyile.
7. Qala inkqubo
Ukwenzela ukuba uqale ngokukhawuleza injini yedizili, isixhobo sokuqala siyacelwa ukuba silawule ukuqala kwenjini yedizili. Ngokwendlela eyahlukileyo yokuqalisa, amacandelo axhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokuqala ahlala eqalwa ziimotor zombane okanye kwi-cotors zepneumatic. I-Wigh-Stature Genementi yeMihlaba ePhathisiweyo, umoya oxinzelelweyo usetyenziselwa ukuqala.
2, Umgaqo wokuSebenza we-Injini ezine yeDies
Kwinkqubo ye-thermal, kuphela inkqubo yokwandiswa kuphela kwe-fluid esebenzayo inamandla okwenza umsebenzi, kwaye sifuna i-injini yokuvelisa umsebenzi oqhubekayo, ke kufuneka senze ukuba amanzi asebenzayo anda rhoqo. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuzama ukubuyisela i-fluid esebenzayo kwindawo yayo yokuqala ngaphambi kokuba ifike. Ke ngoko, injini yedizili kufuneka ihambe kwiinkqubo ezine ze-thermal: Ukuthathwa, uxinzelelo, ukwandiswa, kunye nokukhula kwenjini yokuqala, ukuvumela injini yayo yokuqala, ivumela umsebenzi wedizili ukuba avelise umsebenzi. Ke ngoko, ezi nkqubo zingentla iinkqubo ze-thermal zibizwa ngokuba ngumjikelo wokusebenza. Ukuba i-piston ye-injini yedizili igqiba imivimbo emine kwaye igqibe umjikelo omnye wokusebenza, injini ibizwa ngokuba yinjini ezine yedizili.
I-1. Ukuthathwa
Injongo yetsifo zethayile kukuphefumla umoya omtsha kwaye ulungiselele ukudibanisa ipetroli. Ukufezekisa impahla, umahluko woxinzelelo kufuneka wenziwe phakathi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesilinda. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lokubetha, ivalve yokuphelisa ivalve, ivalve ethambileyo ivula, kwaye i-piston ihamba ukusuka kwiziko eliphezulu elifileyo ukuya kwiziko elifileyo. Ivolumu kwisilinda ngaphezulu kwepiston ngokuthe ngcembe iyakhula, kwaye uxinzelelo luyancipha. Ingcinezelo yegesi kwi-cylinder imalunga ne-68-93kpa iphantsi kunexinzelelo lwe-thambimic. Phantsi kwesenzo sengcinezelo ye-themosmosther, umoya omtsha ufumana isilinda ngevalve ethambileyo. Xa iPiston ifikelela kwiziko elifileyo elifileyo, ivalve ethambileyo ivala kwaye impahla yokuthambisa iphela.
2. Ukubetha koxinzelelo
Injongo yescroke yokucinezelwa kukwandisa uxinzelelo kunye neqondo lobushushu lomoya ngaphakathi kwi-cylinder, ukudala iimeko zokudibanisa ipetroli. Ngenxa yokutya okuvalekileyo kunye neevalves ezivaliweyo, umoya esilinda unyanzelekile, kwaye uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu bekwanda. Inqanaba lokunyuka lixhomekeke kumgangatho woxinzelelo, kwaye iinjini ezahlukeneyo zedizili zinokuba neyahluko kancinci. Xa iPiston isondela kwiziko elikhusekileyo, ingcinezelo yomoya kwi-cylinder ifikelela (i-3000-5000) ye-KPA kunye neqondo lobushushu lifikelela kwi-500-700 ℃, kude kakhulu kakhulu kwi-disel.
I-3. Ukwanda kokubetha
Xa iPiston sele iza kuphela, i-Willing i-pill iqala ukuyifaka idizili kwi-cylinder, yokuxuba umoya ukwenza umxube onokutsha, kwaye ngoko nangoko uze ulungelelanise. Ngeli xesha, ingcinezelo ngaphakathi kwi-cylinder ngokukhawuleza iphakame malunga ne-6000-9000Kpa, kunye neqondo lobushushu lifikelela kwi (1800-2200) ℃. Phantsi kwengxilimbela yobushushu obuphezulu kunye neegesi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, iPiston ihamba iye kwiziko elifileyo kwaye iqhube i-crankshaft ukujikeleza, ukwenza umsebenzi. Njengoko uPiston wegesi uPiston wehla, uxinzelelo lwayo ngokuthe ngcembe luyancipha kude kuvulwe ivelu engapheliyo.
I-4. Ukubetha okungapheliyo
I-4. Ukubetha okungapheliyo
Injongo ye-stroke yokuphelisa kukususa igesi engapheliyo kwi-cylinder. Emva kokubeleka kwamandla kugqityiwe, igesi kwi-cylinder irhasile, kwaye iqondo lobushushu layo liye (i-800 ~ 900) ℃ kunye noxinzelelo lwehla ukuya (294 ~ 392) kpa. Okwangoku, ivalve engapheliyo ivulwa ngelixa ivalve ethambileyo ihlala ivaliwe, kwaye i-piston ihamba ukusuka kwiziko elifileyo eliphantsi ukuya kwiziko eliphezulu. Phantsi koxinzelelo lwentsalela kunye nepiston curust kwi-cylinder, irhasi yokuphefumla ikhutshiwe ngaphandle kweCylinder. Xa iPiston ifikelela kwiziko eliphezulu kwakhona, inkqubo yokuphelisa iphela. Emva kokuba inkqubo yokuphelisa igqityiwe, ivalve yokuphelisa ivalve kwaye i-valve engenileyo ivula kwakhona, iphinda umjikelo olandelayo kwaye uqhubeke ukusebenza ngaphandle.
3, Ukuhlelwa kunye neempawu zeenjini zedizili
Injini yedizali yinjini yokudibana yangaphakathi esebenzisa idizili njenge-oyile. Ienjini zeDiesel yeinjini zokucinezelwa, ezihlala zibizwa ngokuba ziinjini zedizili emva kwendawo yazo ephambili, idizili. Xa injini yedizili iyasebenza, itsala emoyeni ukusuka kwi-cylinder kwaye inyanzelekile kumgangatho ophezulu ngenxa yokuhamba kwepiston, ukufikelela kubushushu obuphezulu abangama-500-700 ℃. Emva koko, ipetroli ikhutshelwa kwimozulu yobushushu obuphakathi kwifom engalunganga, ixutywe nomoya wobushushu obuphezulu ukwenza umxube onokutsha, owudibanisa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye utshise. Amandla akhutshwe ngexesha lokudibana kwi-piston, ayityhale kwaye ayiguqulele ibe ngumsebenzi ojikelezayo ngentonga yokudibanisa kunye ne-crankshaft.
I-1. Uhlobo lwenjineli yedizili
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I-2. Iimpawu zeenjini zedizili yesandla sombane
Iiseti zomvelisi weDiesel zixhotyiswe ziinjini zedizili. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokuvelisa njengabavelisi bamandla e-thermal, abavelisi be-turbine ye-turbine, abavelisi bamandla eNyukliya, ukuba neempawu ze-NUCLEAR. Ulawulo oluguqukayo, iinkqubo ezilula zokusebenza, ukulungiswa ngokulula, ukulungisa iindleko ezibanzi zeNdibano kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kweoyile. Uninzi lweenjini zedizili ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwamandla zizinto ezahlukeneyo okanye ezinye iinjini zedizili, ezinazo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
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I-frequency yamandla e-AC ilungisiwe kwi-50hz kunye ne-60hz, ke isantya se-generator sinokuba yi-1500 kunye ne-1800r / imiz. I-China kunye ne-Soviet Amandla ahamba ngamandla eSoviet ikakhulu isebenzisa i-1500r / imiz, ngelixa amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika ikakhulu esebenzisa i-1800r / imiz.
(2) Uluhlu lweevolthi ozinzileyo
Imveliso yemveliso ye-Diesel Geenerator Iiseti ze-China yi-400 / 230v (i-6.3kv ye-50 ye-REGZ kunye ne-ROHZ kunye ne-PRHZ kunye ne-Propt ye-COS ф = 0.8.
(3) Uluhlu lwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo zibanzi.
Amandla eenjini zedizili asetyenziselwa amandla amandla anokwahluka ukusuka kwi-0.5KW ukuya kwi-10000kw. Ngokubanzi, iinjini zedizili ezinoluhlu lwamandla kwi-12-1500kw zisetyenziswa njengezikhululo zamandla ezihambayo, imithombo yamandla e-Backup, imithombo yombane engxamisekileyo, okanye isetyenziswa imithombo yamandla asemaphandleni. Izikhululo zamandla ezilungisiweyo okanye zaselwandle zihlala zisetyenziswa njengemithombo yamandla, enemveliso yamandla amashumi amawaka ee-kilotts.
(4) Unendawo ethile yogcino.
Ienjini zeDieseli yeSizukulwana soMbane ngokubanzi zisebenza phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezisebenzayo ezinamaxabiso aphezulu. Imithombo yongxamiseko kunye ne-Backup yamandla ityalwe ngokubanzi kumandla ayi-12h, ngelixa imithombo yamandla esetyenziswayo isetyenziswa ngamandla aqhubekayo (amandla ahambelana nalesetwayo ye-genetor kufuneka anciphise indawo ethile).
(5) Ixhotywe ngesixhobo solawulo isantya.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-voltage yemveliso yemveliso esekwe kwi-genetoritotor, izixhobo zokulawula okuphezulu kwesantya eziphezulu zifakiwe ngokubanzi. Ngomsebenzi wendlela efanayo kunye neeseti zegridi ezixhumelweyo zeGidi, izixhobo zohlengahlengiso ngesantya ziyafakiwe.
(6)Inokhuselo kunye nokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi.
ISISHWANKATHELO:
(7)Ngenxa yosetyenziso oluphambili lweenjini zedizili ukuze ube yimithombo yamandla e-backup, imithombo yamandla eshukumayo, kunye nemithombo yombane, kunye nemithombo yombane yentengiso, imfuno yentengiso ibinyuka unyaka nonyaka. Ukwakhiwa kwegridi karhulumente kuphumeze impumelelo enkulu, kwaye amandla ombane afezekisiwe ngokusisiseko. Kule meko, ukusetyenziswa kweenjini zeDielines yezakhiwo zombane kwimarike yase-China inomda, kodwa zisabalulekile kuphuhliso loqoqosho lweSizwe. Ngokuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji yokwenza imveliso, itekhnoloji yolawulo oluzenzekelayo, itekhnoloji ye-elektroniki, kunye nokudibanisa itekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwemveliso yehlabathi. Ienjini zeDieseli yezizukulwana zamandla ziphuhliswa kwi-mineatherization, amandla aphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli ephantsi, ukukhutshwa okuncinci, ingxolo ephantsi, kunye nobukrelekrele. Inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kunye nohlaziyo lweetekhnoloji ezinxulumene noko ziye zaphucula amandla ombane kunye nenqanaba lobuchwephesha leenjini zedizili zezakhono zombane zezakhono zoncedo lwamandla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa amandla.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: APR-02-2024