Okwangoku, iijenereyitha zedizili zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwaye zizixhobo zamandla ezikhethwayo zokubonelela ngombane ogciniweyo kwimeko yokucima kombane ngequbuliso okanye ukusetyenziswa kombane mihla le ngamashishini. Iijenereyitha zedizili zikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezikude okanye kwimisebenzi yasendle. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga ijenereyitha yedizili, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ijenereyitha inokubonelela ngombane ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusebenza, kuyafuneka ukuba ube nokuqonda okucacileyo kweekilowatts (kW), kilovolt amperes (kVA), kunye namandla factor (PF) umahluko phakathi kwabo ubalulekile:
I-Kilowatt (kW) isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umbane wangempela obonelelwa ngamajeneretha, osetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwizixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo kwizakhiwo.
Ukulinganisa amandla abonakalayo kwi-kilovolt amperes (kVA). Oku kuquka amandla asebenzayo (kW), kunye namandla asebenzayo (kVAR) asetyenziswa zizixhobo ezifana neenjini kunye neziguquli. Amandla asebenzayo awasetyenziswanga, kodwa ajikeleza phakathi komthombo wamandla kunye nomthwalo.
Umba wamandla ngumlinganiselo wamandla asebenzayo kumandla abonakalayo. Ukuba isakhiwo sisebenzisa i-900kW kunye ne-1000kVA, umbane we-0.90 okanye i-90%.
I-nameplate ye-diesel generator ine-rerated values ze-kW, kVA, kunye ne-PF. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba unokukhetha eyona ifanelekileyo iseti yejenereyitha yedizili, elona cebiso lilungileyo kukuba ube nenjineli yombane eyincutshe emisela ubungakanani beseti.
Ubuninzi be-kilowatt obuphuma kwijenereyitha bumiselwa yi-injini ye-diesel eyiqhubayo. Umzekelo, cinga ngejenereyitha eqhutywa yi-1000 yamandla enjini yedizili esebenza kakuhle ngama-95%:
I-1000 yamandla ehashe ilingana ne-745.7 kilowatts, amandla e-shaft anikezelwe kwijenereyitha.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-95%, amandla aphezulu emveliso angama-708.4kW
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuninzi be-kilovolt ampere buxhomekeke kwi-voltage elinganisiweyo kunye ne-current ye-generator. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokulayisha ngaphezulu iseti yejeneretha:
Ukuba umthwalo oqhagamshelwe kwijenereyitha udlula i-kilowatts ezilinganisiweyo, iya kuthwala ngaphezulu kwe-injini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba umthwalo udlula i-kVA elinganisiweyo, iya kuthwala ngokugqithiseleyo i-jenereyitha yomoya.
Kubalulekile ukugcina oku engqondweni, njengokuba umthwalo kwii-kilowatts ungaphantsi kwexabiso elilinganisiweyo, i-generator inokulayisha ngaphezulu kwi-kilovolt amperes.
Ukuba isakhiwo sisebenzisa i-1000kW kunye ne-1100kVA, into yamandla iya kunyuka ukuya kwi-91%, kodwa ayiyi kudlula umthamo wesethi ye-generator.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba i-generator isebenza kwi-1100kW kunye ne-1250kVA, i-factor factor yamandla inyuka kuphela kwi-88%, kodwa injini ye-diesel igcwele kakhulu.
Iijenereyitha ze-diesel nazo zinokugcwala kakhulu nge-kVA kuphela. Ukuba isixhobo sisebenza kwi-950kW kunye ne-1300kVA (73% PF), nokuba injini ye-diesel ayilayishwanga kakhulu, i-windings iya kuba nzima.
Ngamafutshane, iijenereyitha ze-diesel zinokugqitha umlinganiselo wazo olinganisiweyo wamandla ngaphandle kwengxaki, ukuba nje i-kW kunye ne-kVA zihlala zingaphantsi kwamaxabiso azo alinganisiweyo. Akukhuthazwa ukusebenza ngaphantsi kwe-PF elinganisiweyo, njengoko ukusebenza kakuhle kwejeneretha kuncinci. Okokugqibela, ukugqitha kumlinganiselo we-kW okanye we-kVA kuya kusonakalisa isixhobo.
Indlela izinto zaMandla eziKhokelayo neziLalayo ezizichaphazela ngayo iiGenereyitha zeDizili
Ukuba kuphela ukuchasana kuqhagamshelwe kwijenereyitha kunye ne-voltage kwaye yangoku iyalinganiswa, iifom zabo zamaza ze-AC ziya kuhambelana xa ziboniswa kwisixhobo sedijithali. Iimpawu ezimbini ziyatshintshana phakathi kwamaxabiso alungileyo kunye angalunganga, kodwa awela zombini i-0V kunye ne-0A ngaxeshanye. Ngamanye amazwi, i-voltage kunye ne-current zikwisigaba.
Kule meko, amandla omthwalo we-1.0 okanye i-100%. Nangona kunjalo, amandla ombane wezixhobo ezininzi kwizakhiwo azikho i-100%, oku kuthetha ukuba amandla ombane kunye nangoku aya kuthothisana:
Ukuba i-voltage ye-AC ephezulu ikhokelela kwincopho yangoku, umthwalo unento ebambekayo yamandla. Imithwalo enolu kuziphatha ibizwa ngokuba yimithwalo ye-inductive, equka iimoto zombane kunye nabaguquli.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba i-current ikhokela i-voltage, umthwalo unento ehamba phambili yamandla. Umthwalo onale ndlela yokuziphatha ubizwa ngokuba yi-capacitive load, equka iibhetri, iibhanki ze-capacitor, kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.
Uninzi lwezakhiwo zinemithwalo ye-inductive ngaphezu kwemithwalo ye-capacitive. Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla ewonke ahlala ebambekile, kwaye iiseti zejeneretha yedizili ziyilelwe ngokukodwa olu hlobo lomthwalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isakhiwo sinomthwalo omninzi we-capacitive, umnini kufuneka alumke kuba i-voltage ye-generator iya kungazinzi njengoko umbane uhambela phambili. Oku kuya kubangela ukhuseleko oluzenzekelayo, ukuqhawula isixhobo kwisakhiwo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-23-2024