Iimpompo zamanzi ziphuhlisiwe kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwakukho iintlobo ezipheleleyo kunye neentlobo zeepompo zangaphandle, ezazisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngokwezibalo, malunga ne-1880, ukuveliswa kweempompo ze-centrifugal zenjongo jikelele zibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-90% yemveliso yempompo iyonke, ngelixa iimpompo zenjongo ekhethekileyo ezifana neempompo zeplanti yamandla, iimpompo zekhemikhali, kunye neempompo zemigodi zibalelwa kuphela malunga ne-10% ye iyonke imveliso yempompo. Ngo-1960, iimpompo zenjongo jikelele zazimalunga nama-45% kuphela, ngelixa iimpompo zenjongo eyodwa zithatha malunga ne-55%. Ngokwendlela yophuhliso lwangoku, umlinganiselo weempompo zenjongo eyodwa uya kuba phezulu kuneepompo zenjongo jikelele.
Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iimpompo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zaqala ukuphuhliswa yi-United States ukuze zithathe indawo yeempompo zamaqula anzulu. Emva koko, amazwe aseNtshona Yurophu aqhube uphando kunye nophuhliso, ephucula ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ephucula. Umzekelo, umgodi wamalahle omdaka waseRhine eJamani usebenzisa iimpompo zombane ezingaphantsi kwamanzi ezingama-2500, ezinomthamo omkhulu ofikelela kwi-1600kw kunye nentloko ye-410m.
Ipompo yombane ephantsi kwamanzi kwilizwe lethu yaphuhliswa kwiminyaka yoo-1960, phakathi kwayo ipompo yombane engaphantsi kwamanzi ikwindawo yokusebenza sele isetyenziselwe ukunkcenkceshela kumafama asezantsi, kwaye iimpompo zombane ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ziye zenza uthotho kwaye ziye zenziwa. ibekwe kwimveliso eninzi. Umthamo omkhulu kunye neempompo eziphezulu zamandla angaphantsi kwamanzi kunye neenjini zombane nazo zaziswa, kwaye iimpompo ezinkulu ezingaphantsi kwamanzi ezinomthamo wama-500 kunye ne-1200 kW ziye zafakwa ekusebenzeni emigodini. Umzekelo, i-Anshan Iron and Steel Company isebenzisa impompo yombane engaphantsi kwamanzi engama-500kw ukukhupha amanzi kumgodi wentsimbi ovulekileyo waseQianshan, onesiphumo esibalulekileyo ngexesha lemvula. Kukho imiqondiso yokuba ukusetyenziswa kweempompo zombane ezingaphantsi kwamanzi kuya kuguqula izixhobo zokuhambisa amanzi emigodini, zibenakho ukubuyisela iimpompo ezinkulu ezithe tyaba eziqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, umthamo omkhulu weempompo zombane ezingaphantsi kwamanzi ziphantsi kovavanyo lwemveliso.
Oomatshini abasetyenziselwa ukumpompa, ukuthutha, kunye nokunyusa uxinzelelo lolwelo luqhele ukubizwa ngokuba ziimpompo. Ukusuka kumbono wamandla, impompo ngumatshini oguqula amandla omatshini we-prime mover kumandla olwelo olugqithisiweyo, ukwandisa izinga lokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo lolwelo.
Umsebenzi wempompo yamanzi ngokuqhelekileyo kukutsala ulwelo phezulu ukusuka kumhlaba osezantsi kwaye luthuthwe ngombhobho ukuya kumhlaba ophakamileyo. Umzekelo, into esiyibona kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla kukusebenzisa impompo ukumpompa amanzi emilanjeni nasemachibini ukunkcenkceshela amasimi; Umzekelo, ukumpompa amanzi kumaqula anzulu angaphantsi komhlaba nokuwasa kwiinqaba zamanzi. Ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lolwelo lunokonyuka emva kokudlula kwimpompo, umsebenzi wempompo unokusetyenziselwa ukukhupha ulwelo kwizikhongozeli ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwaye ukoyise ukuchasana kwindlela yokuwuhambisa kwizikhongozeli eziphezulu. uxinzelelo okanye ezinye iindawo eziyimfuneko. Umzekelo, impompo yamanzi yebhoyila itsala amanzi kwitanki yamanzi anoxinzelelo oluphantsi ukondla amanzi kwidrum yebhoyila ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Uluhlu lweempompo lubanzi kakhulu, kwaye izinga lokuhamba kweempompo ezinkulu linokufikelela kumakhulu amawaka ama-m3 / h okanye ngaphezulu; Izinga lokuhamba kweempompo ezincinci lingaphantsi kwamashumi e-ml/h. Uxinzelelo lwayo lunokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-1000mpa ukusuka kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. Iyakwazi ukuthutha ulwelo kumaqondo obushushu ukusuka -200℃ukuya ngaphezulu kwama-800℃. Zininzi iintlobo zolwelo ezinokuthuthwa ngeempompo,
Inokuthutha amanzi (amanzi acocekileyo, ugutyulo, njl.njl.), i-oyile, i-acid-base liquids, i-emulsions, i-suspension, kunye nesinyithi se-liquid. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweempompo abantu abazibonayo ebomini babo bemihla ngemihla zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha amanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba ziimpompo zamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, njengegama eliqhelekileyo leempompo, eli gama ngokucacileyo aliphelelanga.
umfanekiso wepompo yamanziIdilesi yokuthenga impompo yamanzi
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-03-2024